The Morality Of Torture Is Always Morally Wrong - 977 Words

The morality of torture has been debated for years. This paper will specifically discuss two articles of opposing viewpoints. David Gushee fervently argues against torture in his article Torture is Always Morally Wrong. In Torture is Moral When Inflicted for a Greater Good Patrick Buchanan argues in favor of torture. The latter of the two, presents the strongest case. Each article grapples the issue of torture in a unique perspective. Gushee’s bold stance against torture is clearly influenced by his Christianity. Gushee’s stance, is in sharp contrast to Buchannan who uses a strictly secular approach to form his world view. Both writers managed to write passionate and persuasive articles, However Buchanan’s article is superior to Gushee’s in ever way Torture in its basic essence began long ago. Civilizations have tortured many who have wronged them for thousands of years. The definition of torture is a broad and diverse as it includes mental, emotional, an d physical aspects. From ancient Egypt, to medieval times and even to present day, torture has been a prevalent theme across cultures, and has undoubtedly helped to mold the society around us. This hotly debated issue has been on the forefront of American media and culture for decades. Countless supporters have advocated for its through use, while countess others have fervently contested its morality. There have been many statistics that suggest that torture is more harmful than effective, and there have been articlesShow MoreRelatedCultural Relativism And Its Impact On Society1437 Words   |  6 Pagesto help anthropologists be objective when studying other cultures. Cultural Relativism is the belief that morality, or the way we ought to live, is solely a matter of cultural perspective and we ought not to judge other people based on their societies customs and beliefs. This moral theory is very attractive because it simplifies the ideas of what is right and wrong: it suggests that morality exists, yet differs from culture to culture, and many of people s actions can be justified based on how theyRead MoreThe Dirty Hands Summary By Walzer997 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical figures cannot rule without getting their hands dirt y or, in other words, being immoral. Walzer’s two main points to justify the principle are; the identity and goal of a leader, and the emotional aftermath of guilt. He concludes it is morally justified to perform unjust acts to protect citizens from a worse scenario provided the leader endures guilt, acting as punishment. Walzer argues getting one’s hands dirty in politics is inevitable due to the nature of politicians and political judgementRead MoreIs Utilitarianism Too Demanding?1046 Words   |  5 Pagesaction cannot do even more good. John Mackie argued utilitarianism as an â€Å"ethics of fantasy†. A theory that is so demanding must turn out to be counterproductive. If all requirements were to be respected, morality as such would have to be given up. It would be more reasonable; to stick to a morality that imposes less harsh requirements on us. (Tannsjo, p32) It can be considered then, that yes, utilitarianism is demanding. This assignment will endeavour to define the statement â€Å"Is Utilitarianism tooRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguish whether or not something is morally acceptable. Deontology considers the morality of an action by one’s reason for doing a certain deed. Lastly, virtue ethics bases morality off of virtuous character, and how a virtuous person would act given a certain predicament. Ultimately, consequentialism provides the most practical explanation for morality due to the notion of providing the best possible result. Contrarily, deontology and virtue ethics do not always provide an individual with the mostRead MoreTerrorism : A Controversial Issue Of Morality1124 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial in terms of morality. In particular, the topic of torturing suspected terrorist often leads our nation in a huge debate. There are some discrepancies on what we define torture as and if it is morally right to use torture on suspects. To see if the U.S. should forbid torture even against terrorist the definition of torture, the U.N decision, act utilitarianism, and the effectiveness of torture must be considered. To see if the US should forbid torture, we must first define torture. Contrary to popularRead MoreTorture Allowed in the United States1408 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar incidents. Torture can be used to prevent these terrible incidents and save the lives of many people. Torture in the United States has been a debatable subject for many years now but after resent tragedies, the idea of torture of many American citizens has changed. It has also been debated over more after the attacks on September 9, 2001 than any other time in American history. Many fight the legalization of torture for moral and civil reasons but the truth is that torture is a lesser evilRead MoreEthics Of Torture And Torture1113 Words   |  5 Pages Ethics of Torture The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines torture as the act of causing severe physical pain as a form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something. But what would one call morally acceptable torture? Is sleep depriving a criminal in order to find out the location of a missing person wrong? Does waterboarding a terrorist to find out information count as a morally correct reason to torture? Recently the C.I.A. released a detailed torture report to the publicRead MoreMoral Realism, Moral Relativism, And Moral Skepticism1266 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant, Jeremy Bentham, Aristotle, and other famous philosophers. These men debated what is considered to be morally good and how a person can become ethical. Operating under normative ethics, these philosophers did not question whether or not ethics even existed, but rather if they exist, what are they? The branch of ethics that questions the foundation of ethics and morality is metaethics. There are three standpoints when debating metaethics: moral realism, moral relativism, and moral skepticismRead MoreMoral Philosophy And Its Strength And Weaknesses1350 Words   |  6 PagesA system of moral principles is a definition of ethics in a culture or a group. Principles or rules of right conduct or the distinction between right and wrong are one definition of moral. In this essay, I will search for my principles and how I ought to live my life. What do I believe in and how do I apply this in my duty as a human being, as a father, husband and a military officer. In other words, I will search for my moral philosophy. Furthermore, I will explain my moral philosophy and itsRead MoreNo Moral Rule Is Absolute909 Words   |  4 Pages No Moral Rule Is Absolute The simple definition of Utilitarianism is â€Å"the belief that a morally good action is one that helps the greatest number of people†(Utilitarianism, ). However, Utilitarianism is far from a ‘simple’ philosophy, and while there is no perfect doctrine when it comes to Normative Ethics, Utilitarianism comes the closest for a number of reasons. The first is impartiality; or rather equality of concern for everyone’s well-being. The second is that Utilitarianism is not based

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized - 2363 Words

I was taught that marriage was between a man and a woman; I held that belief for many years until I came to the United States of America. Many people believe that same sex marriage is wrong because of personal beliefs, religions or their sexual orientations. Others might ask why gay marriage should be legalized, but my question is: why should other people be able to choose who marries who? If a man and a woman get married, no one seems to care. They are two people who feel affection for one another and those two people want to start a family and have a happy life. If we change the scenario a little bit and a man and a man, or a woman and a woman, try to get married it causes uproar, they are not allowed to be married or raise a family†¦show more content†¦With the cost of one the greatest civil right leader’s life, Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated. â€Å"On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, whe re he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated†(Martin Luther King Jr.). Both freedom and equality are the rights granted to us by the United States; same sex marriage is part of the freedom that everyone should have and the right that people are born with. Same sex marriage is not a crime; a lot of the older generations think the marriage is a moral problem. Many parents never have the thoughts of their children being born gay or lesbian, they cannot accept the fact that the children are gay or lesbians, the idea disgusts them. What they don’t know is that gays or lesbians have existed for many years in our human history because not every human are born 100% straight, many are afraid to come out and admitting their sexual orientations because they know the idea is unacceptable. Many people who openly letting people know that they gay or lesbian often get hated on or become victims of violent attack. It is as if their sexual orientations are crimes. There is a case about a Michigan woman getting attacked by three men nine days after her partner and she have their marriage appears on local news (â€Å"Attack After Same-Sex Marriage

Superman Free Essays

Dale Neumann March 10, 2013 ENC1101-16 Division or Analysis Essay During the Great Depression, America has faced many challenges which shook its very foundations. Out of pure creativeness Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created Superman A. K. We will write a custom essay sample on Superman or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. Clark Kent, a superhero who was a sole survivor of the planet Krypton. Furthermore Clark Kent grew up with normal parents who found him during a meteor shower. As he grew older, his body started to experience superhuman strengths which lead to him defending the world from criminals. As a cultural phenomenon superman influenced the world with his heroism and all American attitude which created a sense of good in a world of misfortune and struggle. To begin with, Superman’s role in society is to defend the world from criminals and hide his identity by working at the daily planet. As Clark Kent, he falls in love with Lana Lang but she is in love with Superman. No matter how much he wants to tell her the truth about him being the infamous superhero, he wont jeopardize his identity for the greater good of mankind. However superman is always battling villains and is saving any citizen that are in need of rescue, no matter how hard it is . To conclude, superman’s true calling in life is to live normal and marry the woman of his dreams, but with the unnatural powers he possesses he feels obligated to protect the world instead. In addition, superman faces many obstacles and his greatest adversary is Lex Luthor. The famous villain is the only person who can defeat superman and has access to the deadly radiation called kryptonite, which can kill him in minutes. Another obstacle he faces is the vow to not kill any human again, so defeating enemy’s is that much harder. In summary, superman’s biggest obstacle in saving the planet is defeating Lex Luthor and not killing anybody no matter how hard it is. Finally, in the last episode Superman was able to accomplish his true calling and confess his love to the woman of his dreams. Superman’s true calling was to protect the World from danger, a vow he made after killing three enemy’s from his native planet kryptonite. Also he finally confessed his love to Lana Lang, something he always wanted to do since child hood. In conclusion, Superman was a symbolic figure who inspired millions, during the Great Depression. In addition, Superman gave hope to our society that there is good in this world and evil doesn’t always prevail. In the end, superman lived out his fairytale ending by confessing his love to Lana Lang and defeating his arch rival Lex Luthor, an American tale that has been repeated in so many different ways through out history. How to cite Superman, Papers

TITANIC LIABILITY Essay Example For Students

TITANIC LIABILITY Essay April 14, 1912, the ship that even God could not sink met an untimely demise. The unsinkable R.M.S. Titanic set out on its maiden voyage to ferry 2,227 men, women and children to America from Southampton. Some of the wealthiest people on the planet were passengers on the ship while others were simple folk traveling in search of a better life for themselves and their families. The following is an account used as a mock trial developed by the Anderson, Kill Olick, P.C. law firm to explore a case of tort for negligence in Jensen v. White Star Line. Hans Jensen, a 20-year-old carpenter, and his fiance Carla Jensen, her brother, Svend, and her Cousin, Niels, were traveling on the unsinkable R.M.S. Titanic to The United States. Hans had hoped to make a better wage in America. Hans and Carla shared the same last name but were neither related or married at this time. Because of this, Carla resided in the back part of the ship on Deck F with the other single women, while the boys were stationed on the opposite side of the boat. The facts show that the Titanic was warned well enough ahead of time of possible icebergs and impending danger ahead. The ship did not alter its course or speed. At the time the Titanic hit the iceberg, and the evacuation of the ship began, Hans was already on the top deck helping to load lifeboats. He grew concerned when he did not see his fiance and began to search for her. Hans found Carla and helped her navigate the subdued crowd to the lifeboat area. He remained with her until she was placed on the boat a nd was gently lowered into the water below. Hans made a commitment to Carla that he would reunite with Carla in a few days. Alas, he never made it to New York, and his body was never found. Hans and Carla made a wise decision before departing, they choose to create their separate wills before the voyage. Hans named Carla as his sole beneficiary and estate executor. Because of this legal document, Carla takes Hans place as his estates representative and plaintiff against White Star Lines. Carla Christine Jensen(Hans Jensens fiance) sued on his estates behalf. The defendant is WHITE STAR LINES and the witnesses, the Titanics Second Officer Lightoller and Swedish military attache Bjornstrom-Steffansson. The remedy being sought in the suit of Jensen v. White Star is compensatory damages to Mr. Jensens estate for his death. The lawsuit claims the following: physical injuries and the pain and suffering Hans incurred as he froze to death in the cold waters of the North Atlantic, the emotio nal and anguish of knowing he was going to die which would leave his fiance alone, and the financial losses for the wages he would have earned performing carpentry work. The plaintiff explained that the White Star Line was grossly negligent and how it was responsible for killing almost 1,500 children, women, and men many of whom were third class passengers including Hans Jensen. The plaintiff also sought punitive damages as punishment of White Star Lines for its wanton and reckless behavior of failing to operate and control the Titanic properly. Not only will punitive damages punish the company monetarily, but also hopefully deter a similar situation occurring in the future. Carla Jensen as the plaintiff charged that White Star had been incredibly irresponsible in the duty of care for their passengers. She felt that White Star was negligent by failing to provide care as a reasonably careful person would have acted under the same circumstances. The White Stars reckless behavior of fa iling to properly operate and control the Titanic explain they had not cared about their duty to the passengers. Duty is defined as an obligation or conduct identified in the law as a reasonable behavior in light of a perceived risk. The White Star Line failed to conform to the required standard of care. The White Star Line and its agents, the crew of the Titanic, behaved in an unreasonable manner in many ways. They had the most modern ship in the world, equipped with a modern radio and still hit a large iceberg on a clear night with calm seas. .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .postImageUrl , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:hover , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:visited , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:active { border:0!important; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:active , .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13f2acc992593dc8da8974db8a415cea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Analysis of One Flew over the Cuckoo EssayWhite Star Line states it cannot be held liable for the death of Hans Jensen because his death was caused by the acts of other passengers as well as himself. They believe that Mr. Jensens negligence led to his demise and the acts superseded the plaintiffs alleged accusations on the part of White Star Line and their liability. The company argued that the conduct of fellow passengers as superseding cause would cancel out the White Star Lines negligence. As stated by Second Officer Lightoller, Mr. Jensen insisted he help control and guide his fellow passengers. Hans was told his help was not needed, yet he decided to step in anywa ys. In the meantime, the boat was launched without Mr. Jensen being onboard. White Star demonstrates that Lieutenant Bjornstrom-Steffansson was quite capable of crowd control while still finding adequate room on the lifeboat, as should Mr. Jensen have also found. The defense argued that Mr. Jensens actions were a superseding cause that canceled out White Star being negligent. Mr. Jensen voluntarily removed himself from Lifeboat D; there was no need because there was ample room. In the end, all who remained on Lifeboat D during the tragedy survived. Mr. Jensen assumed the risk of injury with the understanding he was in a dire position. White Star Line made their case and pointed that Mr. Hans Jensen understood the risk presented by not remaining in the lifeboat, he was old enough and had the cognitive ability to understand the clear and present danger, and he voluntarily exposed himself to the risk of not remaining onboard the lifeboat. Because of these factors, the Plaintiff cannot recover damages. Based strictly on the legal merits of the claims and defenses presented, I would find favor as a juror for the plaintiff. The defense did argue that Mr. Hans Jensen was responsible for his actions that helped result in his death. He refused to remain onboard the lifeboat that would have meant his survival; he did understand that the ship was damaged and sinking. However, the Plaintiff did demonstrate through evidence that the Titanic did receive several ice-warning messages from other ships in the area via the radio room. The Caronia, the Amerika, the Baltic, and the Californian had sent warnings. The only message that was posted was from the Californian. Captain Smith had retired to his quarters around 9:20p which left his Second Officer in command. Second Officer Lightollers watch was over around 10p, and he went to his cabin upon finishing his rounds. The ship struck an iceberg near the Newfoundland coast at approximately 11:40p. The captain awoke and spoke with a crew member conc erning the noise, but returned to his cabin. Fourth Officer Boxhall brought the news that the situation was severe and the ship was taking on water. Captain Smith order the evacuation of the ship. Lightoller began the orderly loading of the lifeboats over a 2 1/2 hour period. The lifeboats were lowered without being maxed out in capacity. The crew members launched all but four boats and used every signal flare they had available. The mighty Titanic sank at 2:20a on April 15th. 1,522 people perished in the tragedy including Mr. Hans Jensen. When given the testimony of the situation of the ship as far as not taking heed to the ice warnings, slowing down the ship during the night, a point to fill every lifeboat to capacity, and the fact the passengers were led to believe the ship was unsinkable all were factors that resulted in the demise of so many passengers including Mr. Hans Jensen. White Star Line was grossly negligent and failed to operate and control the Titanic properly. Even t hough it was Captain Smith that was at the helm that fateful night, he along with the company were liable and responsible for the actions that took place that night. The White Star Line did owe Mr. Jensen a duty of reasonable care which they did breach. There was a connection between the actions of the crew of the White Star Lines Titanic that led to Mr. Jensens death. Because of this finding, I believe that White Star Lines is liable and should pay the plaintiff for wrongful death, future wages, physical pain and suffering, and mental anguish. The White Star Line should also pay punitive damages to the plaintiff for reckless disregard to properly perform its duties to the plaintiff. .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .postImageUrl , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:hover , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:visited , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:active { border:0!important; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:active , .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3 .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc8ec0b1562728a8c95995367ddc04b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Women Characters Of Antigone EssayCite PagePruner, Mark. Homepage AKO Titanic Trial. Homepage AKO Titanic Trial. Anderson Kill P.C., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.

Plutonium Bomb Essays - Plutonium Bomb, , Term Papers

Plutonium Bomb /\ / \ | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | : ||: : | | :______||:_____________________________: | |/_______||/______________________________\| \ ~\ | : |:| / \ |\ | : |:| / \ | \ | :__________|:| / \ |:_\ | :__________\:| / \ |___\ |______________| / \ | \ |~ \ / \|_______\|_________________\_/ |_____________________________| / \ / \ / \ / _______________ \ / ___/ \___ \ /____ __/ \__ ____\ [3]_______________________________ \ ___| / __/ \ \__ \ / / \/ \ \ / / ___________ \ \ / / __/___________\__ \ \ ./ /__ ___ /=================\ ___ __\ \. [4]-------> ___||___|====|[[[[[|||||||]]]]]|====|___||___

Brevity in Speech and Writing

Brevity in Speech and Writing Brevity is shortness in duration and/or conciseness of expression in a  speech  or a  written text. Contrast with verbosity. Brevity is generally considered a stylistic virtue as long as its not achieved at the expense of clarity. Examples and Observations If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeamsthe more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.(Robert Southey)Brevity is a great charm of eloquence.(Cicero)How brief? Well, as brief as possible but not so brief that the message doesnt get across. But messages vary so. Beat it! is short enough but very long when you reckon in the attitude that comes with it. . . . Brevity, then, depends on the message. . .Brevity, in most human communication, remains a variable governed by social relationships as much as by factual baggage. One is brief in all kinds of ways, and Poloniuss objection, This is too long, always means Too long for this person, place, and time.(Richard Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003)[S]ince brevity is the soul of wit,And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,I will be brief . . ..(Polonius in William Shakespeares Hamlet, Act 2, scene 2)There are no hard and fast rules in writing for the ear, but after more than fifty year s of working at it, I believe in some rough guidelines.Two of them are: short is usually better than long and dont waste words. The bank robber Willie Sutton got it right when he was asked why he robbed banks. Thats where the money is, he replied. Have you ever heard three words that convey a message better than stick em up, or Ive had it! or Im outta here? Have you ever heard anyone express himself better, faster, or more to the point than the judge who had the following exchange in his courtroom: As God is my judge, the defendant said, I am not guilty. To which the magistrate answered, Hes not! I am! You are!Now thats good writing. No unnecessary adverbs or adjectives, just telling it like it is. Dont be afraid to write the way people talk.(Don Hewitt, Tell Me a Story: Fifty Years and 60 Minutes in Television, PublicAffairs, 2001) Brevity in Presentations Edit ruthlessly. Brevity, always a virtue, is doubly so when youre trying to avoid watering down your impact. Matt Eventoff, principal of Princeton Public Speaking, in Princeton, N.J., says: This is stuff we’ve all known instinctivelyanyone who’s sat in a corporate meeting over the past 20 years, with slide after slide after slide of information. It can be very powerful information, but it’s overwhelmingyou don’t know what it’s saying. Are we in good shape or in bad shape? You can’t tell. When all the points of your presentation don’t back up your streamlined theme, you really risk losing people and also potentially turning them off. (Christopher Bonanos, Quit While Youre Ahead. Bloomberg Businessweek, Dec. 3-Dec. 9, 2012) Brevity and Conciseness Brevity is often used indifferently with conciseness; but when any difference is implied, then properly speaking, brevity refers to the matter, conciseness to the style. In fact, when brevity of style is spoken of, it may be considered synonymous with conciseness. Strictly speaking, however, brevity merely implies the use of few words, while conciseness implies a great deal of matter concentrated in a small space. (Elizabeth Jane Whately, A Selection of English Synonyms, 1852) Brevity and Clarity It must be recognized that it is very difficult for those giving attention to brevity also to give due care to clarity; for often we either make the language unclear for the sake of clarity or for claritys sake we have to speak at length. It is necessary, then, to be on the lookout whether the brevity is proportional, neither leaving out anything necessary nor including more than is needed. (Nicolaus the Sophist, quoted by George A. Kennedy in Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Society of Biblical Literature, 2003) Safires Contrarian View of Brevity Every book on writing you can find these days says essentially the same thing: keep it short. Take it a bite at a time. Dispense with the adjectival frills. Put the punch in the verb and not the adverb (he added weakly). Edit, edit, edit, and avoid repetition. Less is more, spare is fair. . . Maybe we are going overboard. The burst of the business memo, the snap-and-spit of the television news bite, the mincing sentences of post-Hemingway novelistsall have led to the canonization of brevity.. Introduce it, lay it out, sum it up. The dash is dead. It is not for nothing, as the Communists say, that the hottest word in communication is briefing. (William Safire, Introduction: Watch My Style. Language Maven Strikes Again. Doubleday, 1990) The Lighter Side of Brevity People whose vision is perfect in every other respect suffer from a curious astigmatism which prevents them from recognizing a stopping point when they come to it. We suggest to some ingenious inventor that he devise a combination of time clock and trip hammer by which a dull, blunt instrument shall be liberated at the end of five minutes so that it may fall with great force, killing the after dinner speaker and amusing the spectators. (Heywood Broun, We Have With Us This Evening. Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms. Charles H. Doran, 1922)[Calvin Coolidges] most celebrated trait was his taciturnity. An oft-told story, which has never been verified, is that a woman sitting next to him at dinner gushed, Mr. President, my friend bet me that I wouldnt be able to get you to say three words tonight. You lose, the president supposedly responded.(Bill Bryson, One Summer: America, 1927. Doubleday, 2013) EtymologyFrom the Latin, short

WK4SUBJ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WK4SUBJ - Assignment Example His diet in the last 24 hours includes corn flakes, milk, three apples, diet soda, rice and chicken. He is currently not on any medication. He takes fluids regularly, at least one liter of clean water daily. His physical exercise involves walking to and from work daily, a total of 4 miles. He spends most of his day standing or walking around the factory. No psychological stress reported. On inspection, the client looks healthy and of normal weight. The current total body weight is 73kg, which has not increased in last three months. The client does not have any problem chewing, walking or in performance of other activities. There is no report of muscular, joints or bone throbbing. Client reports having had a fall in childhood that resulted in a dislocated knee joint. The dislocation was handled, and there was no further problems with the knee. No other problem was reported involving the muscles, joints or bones. The client has completed tetanus and polio immunization schedule. The client has never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, SLE or sickle cell anemia. The client has regular exercise. He walks to work (4 miles) each day. In cases of muscular pain, the client uses anti-inflammatory balm for relief. The client does not smoke or take alcohol. He likes taking a diet soda on weekends. His typical diet includes milk, bread, rice and beef. He works at a chemical factory where most of his day is spent standing or walking around. He reports normal sexual life and is not stressed. Client reports slight headache that was on and off in the last one week. There is no report of seizure activity accompanying the headache. Bending and strenuous activity exacerbated the headache. There is no report of decreased sensation of taste, smell, hearing or sight. The client has adequate memory and reports no problems with hearing, swallowing or body control. There is a positive history of high blood pressure in the family. The client’s mother is

Employment law - the employment relationship Essay

Employment law - the employment relationship - Essay Example 25,000. The Tribunal cannot also try cases involving personal injury, breach of agreement to provide accommodation by the employer to the employee, breach of agreement in respect of intellectual property, breach of agreement of confidentiality or breach of agreement in restraint of trade which can only be heard by courts (Nairns, 2008). The statutory limit of claim of ? 25,000 cannot be circumvented by making a claim for damages for wrongful dismissal for the maximum amount before the tribunal and making another claim for balance of damages in the High Court by splitting the same cause of action into two as held in Fraser v HLMAD (2006). Employment tribunal is machinery for dispute resolution. Employment tribunal can be approached by parties after the expiry of conciliation period. Rule 22 of the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulation 2004 bars a tribunal from hearing any case other than cases of discrimination, equal pay and whistle blowing until the e xpiry of the prescribed conciliation period of 13 weeks or 7 weeks from the date of claim made to the respondent depending upon the nature disputes. For disputes of technical nature such as deduction from wages, time off work, breach of contract, redundancy payments and paid annual leave, a lesser period of seven days conciliation applies. The standard conciliation period can be extended by two weeks if there are prospects of settlement as may be considered by ACAS whose duty is to promote the improvement of industrial relations. The judicial dispute resolution starts with employment tribunals which were originally created by Industrial Training Act 1964 and given common law jurisdiction to adjudicate claims for breach of contract by termination of employment. Thus, these tribunals which began as industrial tribunals have transformed into ‘employment tribunals’ in 1998. The power to settle employment disputes is conferred by section 3 of The Employment Tribunals Act 199 6 in replacement of section 131 of the Employment Protection (Consolidation Act) 1978 The tribunals are preferred dispute resolution as they are designed to facilitate speedy resolution of industrial disputes which are often heavy with facts with their potential advantages of ‘ease of access, informality and inexpensiveness’. The employment tribunals having simplified pre-trial procedure with simplified pleadings, are vested with wide powers to adjudicate in ‘a common sense way’ as part of ‘good industrial practice’. However, the law they have to apply is so complex that they are often commented on the legality of the proceedings and decisions. The common sense access to quick justice though a laudable claim is not always compatible with the hard law that has to be followed in most of the cases. The quick and informal justice that an Employment tribunal can provide is in view of the undesirability of appeals that would complicate the matter fur ther. An Employment Tribunal can only decide on the question of facts. Any appeal from its decision can only be made on a question of law. This rule is rigorously applied in that an appeal will be decided on law and remanded back to the tribunal to decide on the que

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Leadership - Essay Example The first and foremost way in which the Japanese nation is helping the government is by acting normally. They take disaster as a destined event, and maintain a realistic approach towards perceiving and reacting towards it. Earthquake happened, but people maintained their regular life style. They went to work, so that systems keep functioning in the routinely fashion, and the government may be facilitated in assisting the nation. Along with the whole nation, the government is displaying excellent leadership skills. Japanese government is using all resources and leadership skills to help improve the conditions that have resulted from the recent disaster. Leadership skills require rational decision making at the right time to cope with the difficulties. Government is constantly working to provide the population with safety. The government had moved disaster management teams right from the instant the incident took place. Affected people have been provided with food and shelter, and are being compensated in order to improve their

Puc18 Plasmid Engineering

Puc18 Plasmid Engineering Abstract The objective of the experiment was to engineer a pUC18 plasmid so that it contained a kanomycin resistance gene in its multiple cloning site and to transform it into cells. The kanomycin resistance gene was obtained from a pKAN plasmid. The desired plasmid was constructed by digesting pUC18 and pKAN with the same restriction enzymes,(BamHI and HindIII) and religating the products to give the engineered pUC18. The created plasmid was then transformed into E.coli strains DH5ÃŽ ±. The strains that contained the engineered plasmid were selected using two methods of selection. According to the indirect method of selection the percentage of competent cells transformed with the plasmids was 0.063% which is a low number. According to the direct method of selection on the other hand no cells were transformed. In conclusion even though some colonies with the engineered plasmids were obtained the percentage of cells transformed was very low. Also, the indirect method of selection gives better results for selection of desired strains. Introduction Bacteria can carry antibiotic resistance genes either in their chromosomes or extrachromosomally in phage or a plasmid(Hausner and de Jong 2010). B-galactosidase is an enzyme involved into the cleavage of lactose into glucose and galactose and is encoded by the lac Z gene of the lac operon.(Glick et al 2010) The lac operon is prevented from being transcribed through repression of the lac promoter. Activation of this promoter can be done by the addition of lactose or isopropyl-ÃŽ ²-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) to the medium. Lactose and IPTG simply prevent binding of the lac repressor(the product of the Lac I gene) to the promoter. (Glick et al 2010) In the following experiment plasmids pUC18 and pKAN are used to provide the genes to be transformed into bacteria. pUC18 is 2686 base pairs(bp) long and contains a bacterial origin of replication, an ampicillin resistance gene, a lacI gene, a segment of the lac Z gene encoding part of B-galactosidase(which breaks down X-gal) and a multiple cloning sequence(MCS) that is within the lac Z gene.(Glick et al 2010) The lac Z gene encoded by the plasmid is part of the B-galactosidase protein which complements a gene carried by the Escheria. coli chromosomally thus forming a functional B-galactosidase.(Glick et al 2010) If a DNA segment is cloned in the MCS then the lacZ gene will be interrupted and will not give rise to a functional protein. If that occurs then the Bacteria transformed with the plasmid will not break down5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ÃŽ ²-D-ÃŽ ²-galactosidase( X-gal) present in the plates. When X-gal is broken down by ÃŽ ²-galactosidase it turns blue whereas when it is not bro ken down it stays white. This color differentiation is a way to tell if there has been any DNA incorporated in the MCS of pUC18. Finally in order for the ÃŽ ²-galactosidase in pUC18 to be transcribed, IPTG has to be present in the medium so that the lac operon can be induced.(Glick et al 2010) pKAN plasmids can serve as sources for the kanomycin resistance gene. In the following experiment the kanaomycin resistance gene will be inserted in the MCS of pUC18. pKAN contains an origin of replication, a kanomycin resistance gene and multiple restriction sites.(Hausner and de Jong 2010) More importantly it contains only one BamHI and HindIII recognition sites in the whole plasmid which flank the kanomycin resistance gene.(Hausner and de Jong) This allows researchers to cut out the antibiotic resistance gene by simply using BamHI and HindIII producing only two fragments of DNA: the gene and the rest of the plasmid. Once experimenters have inserted the pKAN gene into the MCS of pUC18 and transformed the E.coli strains they need a way to select for the desired plasmid. There are two methods to select for the desired those colonies: the direct method and the indirect method. The direct selection method involves spread plating transformed strains into plates containing both the antibiotic ampicillin and kanomycin. (Hausner and de Jong 2010) Since the pUC18 plasmid confers amplicillin resistance(Glick et al 2010) and the kan gene confers kanomycin resistance (Hausner and de Jong 2010) then only the cells that contain Puc18 with the kanomycin resistance gene should be able to grow in these plates. The indirect method on the other hand is a two step selection process. In the first step the transformed strains are plated onto LB plates containing ampicillin and X-gal.(Hausner and de Jong 2010) Only the cells that have up-taken pUC18 will grow since they will be resistant to ampicillin. Furthermore cell s that contain pUC18 with inserted DNA in the MCS will produce white colonies since they cant produce a functional ÃŽ ²-galactosidase. Cells that give rise to blue colonies will have up-taken pUC18 without any DNA inserted in their MCS since they are able to break down X-Gal. (Glick et al 2010) To select the cells with pUC18 containing the kanomycin resistance gene the white colonies are plated in plates containing kanomycin. Only the cells that have the kanomycin resistance gene in their pUC18 will grow.(Hausner and de Jong 2010) The objectives of the following experiment include the construction of a pUC18 plasmid containing the kanomycin resistance gene in the MCS, the transformation of that plasmid into the E.coli DH5ÃŽ ± cells and the selection of the cells containing the engineered plasmid. If both pUC18 and pKAN plasmids are digested with BamHI and HindIII and the digests are ligated then a plasmid which contains both kanomycin and ampicillin resistance genes should be produced; consequently cells transformed with the engineered plasmid should be resistant to both antibiotics. Materials and Methods Plasmid extraction and plasmid engineering pUC18 and pKAN plasmids were extracted from the DH5ÃŽ ± and MM294 E.coli strains respectively using a DNA isolation kit as described by (Hausner and de Jong 2010). Confirmation for proper extraction was done through agarose gel electrophoresis by running the extracted DNA in a 0.7% gel at 100V for 1 hour. The gene containing kanomycin resistance from pKAN was cloned into pUC18. The restriction digests to do the cloning were prepared as described in Table 2 in (Hausner and de Jong 2010). After plasmid digestion the kanomycin resistance gene was inserted into the multiple cloning sequence of pUC18 in a ligation reaction using the enzyme ligase and the reaction was allowed to go to completion for 24 hours at room temperature. The ligation reactions were set up according to table 3 in (Hausner and de Jong 2010) E.coli transformation and strain selection E.coli strain DH5ÃŽ ± was sub-cultured for 1 hour at 37Â °C. The cells were then made competent by washing them in 10mM CaCl. Next cells were transformed with three different combinations of plasmids. The set of cells in tube 1 was transformed with uncut pUC18 DNA. The set of cells in tube 2 was transformed with cut pUC18. Cells in tube 3 were transformed with pUC18 containing the cloned pKAN resistance and finally cells in tube 4 were transformed with just water as a negative control. The transformation procedure has been described in (Hausner and de Jong 2010). Transformed cells from all tubes were spread plated onto LB+carb+X-gal plates for indirect selection. Furthermore cells from tube 3 were plated onto LB+carb+ kan plates for direct selection of cells containing pUC18 with the insert from pKAN. To determine the density of competent cells cells dilutions of , and were prepared. The two highest dilutions were plated onto LB plates. All the plates were incubated at 37Â °C and they were allowed to grow for ~24 hours. After the colonies had grown on plates plate they were counted and their numbers were recorded. White and blue colonies from the LB+carb+X-gal plates were then streaked onto LB + kan plates to obtain the colonies that had the kanomycin resistance gene incorporated in the MCS. For more information on the procedure refer to Experiments in Biotechnology Laboratory Manual (Hausner and de Jong 2010) Results Extraction of plasmids from E.coli strains Figure 1 contains the image of the 0.7% agarose gel in which the isolated plasmids Puc18 and pKAN were run to check for product. As it can be seen in lane 1 a lot of Puc18 was extracted from the DH5ÃŽ ± strain. Less plasmid DNA was collected for pKAN from the MM294 strain since the band in lane 2 is of much weaker intensity. There is more than one band in lane two. The additional bands represent additional plasmids isolated from the bacteria. Calculation of Competent cell density Table 1 shows the dilutions performed on the competent cells in order to calculate their cell density. It also shows the number of colonies on the plates that were spread plated with dilution 2 and dilution 3. The results for the dilution were not used for cell density calculation since less than 30 colonies grew on the plate. Dilution was used to calculate the cell density because the number of colonies was between 30 and 300. Indirect method of selection Cells plated from tubes 2 and 3 were used to calculate the % of transformed cells. Every colony represents a single transformed cell since it can be assumed the every colony has arisen from a single cell. Furthermore for tube 3 since five plates were spread plated the percentage of the transformed cells was obtained by using the average amount of colonies for all five plates. Calculation the percentage of transformed cells in tube 2: %of transformed cells= x 100 =0.0045% of cells transformed Calculation of transformed cells in tube 3 Average for blue colonies: = 58.6 ≈ 59 blue colonies Average for white colonies = 11.4 ≈ 11colonies Total number of colonies = 59 blue colonies + 11 blue colonies = 70 colonies in total Both blue and white colonies from tube 3 represent transformed cells since they both up-took plasmid DNA whether it was just pUC18 or pUC18+kanomycin resistance gene. Therefore since every colony came from a single cell there were 70 cells in total that were transformed from 100Â µl of media spread plated in each plate. % of transformed cells in tube 3: %of transformed cells= x 100 =0.063% of cells transformed Direct selection of clones containing the kanomycin gene: No colonies grew on LB + carb + kan plates. That means that there were no cells that were transformed with the engineered plasmid. Furthermore an accurate number for % of transformed cell could not have been calculated even if cells had grown in these plates. That is because this selection method takes into account only the cells that were trasformend with pUC18 which contained the kanomycin resistance gene and not the cells that were transformed with only pUC18. Discussion Isolation of plasmids from cells The optimal results for the gel would have been to see one strong band at ~2.7 kb representing pUC18 and one strong band at 4.2 kb which represents pKAN. For the pKAN lane there is more than one band seen. Those bands represent different sized plasmids that were also isolated from the cell. Since there was no DNA ladder on the gel it cannot be concluded what plasmid the lanes represent but the only thing that can be concluded is that there was plasmid DNA isolated from both the DH5ÃŽ ± and the MM294 strains which most likely was pUC18 and pKAN. In order to conclude whether pUC18 and pKAN plasmids were isolated from the bacteria the students should be provided next time with a DNA ladder in order to determine the sizes of the lanes. Indirect selection method The cells from tube 1 were transformed with un-digested pUC18. The cells from this tube represented a positive control for transformation. The colonies in the plates were all blue and they were too many to count. The reason for the high number of colonies was that these cells were transformed with undigested plasmids which are all stable and all allow bacteria to carry information extrachromosomally, making the transformation percentage of competent cells very high. All the cells from tube 1 produce blue colonies. That is because they all had a functional B-galactisidase since no genes were cloned into the multiple cloning site located within the lacZ gene. The cells from tube 2 were transformed with digested pUC18 plasmid. The cells from this tube represented a negative control for kanomycin resistance gene cloning. Tube 2 gave rise to very few colonies in comparison to tube 1 because the cells in tube 2 were transformed with unstable DNA. pUC18 had been previously digested with HinDIII and BamHI and a lot of plasmid did not re-ligate and for that reason the DNA was unstable. Since the DNA was unstable it was not able to maintain the ampicillin resistance gene in bacteria and consequently the strains were not able to grow in carbonicillin plates. As a result the number of percent transformed cells was as low as 0.0045%. The cells from tube 4 were transformed with sterile water i.e no DNA. These cells represented the negative control for transformation. Because no DNA was inserted in them none of the cells contained the ampicillin resistance gene and as expected none grew in the plates containing carbomicillin. The cells from tube 3 were transformed using pUC18 that contained insertion on the MCS as well as pUC18 that didnt. All five plates that were spread plated with E.coli from tube 3 contained blue colonies as well as white ones. The reason for the color difference is that the blue colonies contained a functional ÃŽ ²-galactosidase whereas the white ones didnt. The functional ÃŽ ²-galactosidase in the blue colonies was due to the fact that no DNA was inserted in the MCS to interrupt the lacZ gene. The white colonies on the other hand did not contain a functional ÃŽ ²-galactosidase since they had a DNA insertion in their multiple cloning site, which interrupted the lacZ gene. Consequently they could not break down X-gal. However just because they had a DNA insertion in their MCS it did not mean that they contained the kanomycin resistance gene. They might have contained the rest of the pKAN plasmid. As a result the white colonies needed to be streaked into plates that selected for kanomy cin resistance. If the cells then grew on LB + Kan plates and they also originated from white colonies on LB + Carb + X-gal plates then they contained a Puc19 plasmid with a kanomycin resistance gene inserted in the MCS. The percentage of transformed cells was also not very high: 0.063%. A way to improve this would be to maybe increase the molarity of the CaCl solution to make the cells more competent. Direct selection method According to the direct method of selection there were no cells that were transformed. This is contradictory to the results obtained from the indirect method of selection. This error could have been produced because of either improper spread plating of plates or because of improper transformation procedure. Also the conditions in the LB + carb + kan plates could have been too harsh(two antibiotics) for the bacteria to pick up growth even if they were resistant to both antibiotics. In following experiments it is better to use the indirect selection method since it seems more successful in selecting desired strains. Comparison of direct VS indirect selection methods The direct and indirect selection methods have both advantages as well as disadvantages. The main disadvantage of indirect selection is that it takes longer since it contains two steps and each step takes at least a day for completion. The main advantage is that if done correctly, the indirect selection methods gives very accurate selection for the desired cells. The reason for that is that first it selects for colonies that just have an insertion in the MCS and this tells the researcher that some type of cloning has occurred in plasmids. The second step then selects for the colonies that contain pUC18 with the kanomycin resistance gene inserted in the MCS. Thus the criterion of indirect selection is that cells have both pUC18 with an inserted DNA in MCS and also have kanomycin resistance. The colonies that grow in the second step fulfill both the criteria. The main advantage of the direct method is that it takes a shorter time to complete and it also uses up less equipment which can also save researchers some money. The main disadvantage with this selection is that it has a higher chance of giving false positives. Direct selection does not select for strains that have DNA inserted in the MCS of Puc18 but only selects for strains that have ampicillin and kanomycin resistance. Therefore the strains that grow in LB + carb + kan plates might have both pUC18 and pKAN plasmids but not the kanomycin resistance gene inserted in the pUC18 MCS. Those strains would still be able to grow since they still have both ampicillin and kanomycin resistance. However the genes would on different plasmids and not on the engineered one. Therefore even though the indirect selection method is longer it is more accurate in selecting the desired strains for this experiment. In conclusion, according to the indirect selection the desired plasmid was engineered by digesting both pUC18 and pKAN with HindIII and BamHI. Also when selecting for cells transformed with pUC18 it is better to employ the indirect method of selection because it gives more accurate results. Question 1: Although both lanes contain plasmid DNA, why doesnt the DNA appear to be in the same location in both lanes? The DNA does not appear in the same location in both lanes because pUC18 and pKAN are of different sizes. pUC18 is 2686 base pais long whereas pKAN is 4194 base pairs long.(Hausner and de Jong 2010) Because pUC18 is of smaller size it will travel farther from the wells than pKAN. Question 2: How would you verify that the transformed cells actually contain the carb/kan plasmid that was used for transformation? One accurate way would be to isolate the plasmid DNA from the transformad cells and run it on an agarose gel. If the kanomycin resistance gene was inserted into pUC18 then on the gel one will be able to see a band of the size 4548 base pairs which is different from both the pUC18 and the pKAN plasmids. The size of the created plasmid was calculated the following way by obtaining the information from (Hausner and de Jong 2010): To find the size of kanomycin resistance gene inserted in pUC18, the number of base pairs from the origin or replication of HindIII was subtracted to the number of base pairs from the origin of replication of BamHI. This was done because pKAN was digested with HindIII and BamHI to obtain the kanomycin resistance gene: 2095 233 = 1862 base pairs The size of the insert was then added to the size of Puc18: 2686 + 1862 = 4548 base pairs

Media Violence and its Effect on Children Essay -- Youth Kids TV

media violence and its effects on children Introduction Communications technology is expanding through the entire global community (Dyson 2). Children everywhere are being born into a world of images and messages, which are largely separated from their home, school and spiritual lives (Dyson 2). In society today storytellers are seldom parents, grandparents, teachers or the clergy; instead they are the handful of distant forces with something to sell (Dyson 2). What is unique about the media industry is that in global and corporate domination they have become part of our culture as well as our identity (Dyson 3). Social scientists and child advocates have been exploring the effects of media for decades, yet it is only recently that the concern has generated a public debate (Bok 3). Historical Disagreements concerning the effect of violence revealed in works of art and entertainment have resonated over the centuries (Bok 41). We must ask ourselves whether or not our versions of entertainment exhibits anymore violence then past forms of rec reation, for example gladiatorial games or public hangings (Bok 23). Plato viewed human life as a pilgrimage from the appearance to reality (Bok 41). He also believed that a piece of art had to be strictly censored when they depicted any form of evil and cruelty (Bok 41). When an artist imitated what was bad, they add to the sum of badness in the world (Bok 41). Both Plato and Aristotle pointed out, we as humans do find delight in representations of objects and emotions that would consider different from real life; most of us agree with Aristotle in refusing to believe that they are corrupt (Bok 41). The Romans remain the prototype for violent entertainment at its most extreme (Bok 17). It was a culture, which sanctioned tradition, foreign conquest was a domestic culture, and weapons were easily available (Bok 17). The treatment of newborns and slaves within the home extended to crucifixions and other brutal punishments (Bok 17). Though on a whole the Romans did not criticize their choice of entertainment, one philosopher, Seneca, did. To exhibit the slaughter of eighteen elephants in the Circus, pitting criminals against them in a mimic battle [and] thought it a notable kind of spectacle to kill human beings after a new fashion. Do they fight to the death? That is not enough! Are they torn to pieces? That is not Eno... ...103). In regard to the effects of media violence on children and young adults, such works challenge our instinctive denial of our most primative layers of fear and aggression (Bok 28). Bibliography Works Cited and Consulted Bok, Sissela. Mayhem. Massachusetts: Perseus Books. 1998. Dyson, Rose A. Mind Abuse:Media Violence in an Information Age. Montreal: Black Rose Books. 2000. Herr, Kathryn G., ed. Rating Electronic Games:Violence is in the Eye of the Beholder. Ohio: Sage Publications Inc. 1993. Ledingham, Jane E. The Effects of Television on Children. Ottawa: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence and Prevention Division. 1993. Leone, Bruce. Violence in the Media. San Diego: Greenhouse Press. 1995. Morse, Jodie. "Ne year Later: Can We prevent another Columbine?." [www.newsweek.com] 24 April 2000. Rosenblatt, Roger. "Works of the Trench Coat". [www.newsweek.com] 2000. Russell, Nick. Morals and the Media: Ethics in Canadian Journalism. Vancouver: UBC Press. 1995. Singer, Benjamin D. ed. Communications in Canadian Society. Toronto: International Thomson Pub. 1995. Smith, Nigel. Violence in Society. Turin: Wayland Publishers Limited.1995.

Intangible Asset Essay

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine several issues when dealing with intangible assets. By means secondary research, relevant evidence from many sources was selected, evaluated and organized into three main points, which are research and development cost, brand valuation and the risk of intangible asset in financial statement in relation with market and book value. The evidence includes statistical data and expert opinion. The research results that intangible assets give a significant impact to the company if they are not measuring appropriately based on the accounting standards. Based on these findings, it is argued that intangible asset would affect company’s performance if there are misjudgments in the valuing of these assets. Introduction Financial statement has a significant role in businesses system in due to transparency of company’s financial position in the businesses environment. The purpose of financial report is to give important information about any changes in company’s performance that is useful for a wide range of users in making decision making in order to make investment in that particular company. According to FASB that is stated in Canibano, Garcia-Ayuso, & Sanchez (2000, p.102), financial statement should provide a useful information that will benefit to any potential investors and creditors to make further investment, credit and similar decision. Therefore, any event that will affect company’s performance either present or future should be presented in this annual report. During last 20 years, expansion in technology, economic system and people knowledge have brought many changes in businesses environment which increase the use of media due to more competition between companies a nd company’s feasibility in the future. Due all these changes as stated in Canibano, Garcia-Ayuso, & Sanchez (2000, p.102) the resource of wealth and future economic benefit is not from material production or tangible asset but from investing and management of intangible asset. As defined in paragraph 8 of AASB 138 that is noted in Picker et al (2006, p. 313) intangible asset is â€Å"an identifiable non monetary asset without physical substance†. There are two main forms of intangible asset, first legal intangible such as trademark, patent, brand  and other thing that defendable in the court and the second one is competitive intangible such as knowledge activities and other activities that have a direct impact and effectiveness to company’s performance (Wikipedia, 2010, accessed 15/05/10). Intangible asset is one of accounts that should present in the financial statement; this is however, by putting intangible assets in the financial statement, this report would be less informative because they raise the difficulties of estimation of market value and book value which can affect the company’s performance. It can be argued that there are some issues that arise when dealing with internally generated assets. Therefore, in this essay the author will discuss possible issues that can arise in intangible asset such as research and development cost, brand valuation and the risk of intangible assets in financial report in relation with market and book value. R&D cost In order to expand intangible asset, companies need to spend more money in research and development (R&D) due to market competition to get more profit. This expense is relatively expensive and continuous until the firms can find a new finding in intangible asset that can improve company’s performance. This statement is strengthened by Canibano, Garcia-Ayuso, & Sanchez (2000, pp.108-109) argument which states that between R&D and future economic benefit had not been confirmed thoroughly because there were no confirmation that can be found in relation with expanding research and development a new product can lead future improvement in the company’s performance. Changes in the R&D can cause a divergences between profit each year and also enlarge the difference between cash flow that is actually generated by firms and profit that is stated in financial statement because a new product of the research is about to be commenced and generated revenue later (Wrigley, 2008, p.258) . Furthermore, in determining research and development cost, this activity will lead to greater amount of expense in balance because when any spending for research incurred, it will be recorded as expense and it will affect company’s performance which can be a huge disadvantages for companies. If there are more expense that company generates as a result of research and development in one accounting period, it will decrease value of profit which lead to a negative expectation to investors because the investors will start to doubt with the company’s  performance if they see more expenses than profit during the year. An example arises from Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited (SIP) that was developing a new product that have a purpose to measure carbon gas emission in order safe the environment (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited 2009, p.5). Based on SIP summary of complex accounting policy, R&D cost would be capitalised if the research bring a future economic benefit or can be sold to other parties (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited 2009, p. 54). This means that SIP would spend a lot of money to make this research success and able to generate profit but it is more expense would be generated during this research that has possibility to reduce the profit in that year. Another significant example is from Rolls-Royce Company, â€Å"in 1960’s because of R&D expenditures Rolls-Royce Company couldn’t make profit† (Yardimcioglu 2008, p.91). This explanation can be conclude that even companies increase their research and development to find a new intangible asset such as patents that have expectation to bring more profit to the particular corporation, the firms still do not have control to this expectation because of uncertainty in the future economic benefit. It also gives negative impact to firm’s performance in investing activities because it will affect the investors’ confidence to put their investment in a particular company’s. Brand valuation Brand valuation has appeared as issues that arise from measuring intangible asset in financial report of companies. This is because of the deficient of perceptive and evaluation from accounting standard in measuring brand in a firm that mostly lead to uncertainties between goodwill and other intangible assets. Brand can be defined as a unique symbol or trade mark that is used to identify goods and services differently from its competitors (Tollington, 1998, p.180). The problem that occurs from brand as intangible asset is from useful life of it because brand does not have a fixed life which can lead to misjudge of indefinite and definite life of other intangible asset (Seetharaman et al, 2001, p.247). Another problem that arises from brand measurement is the difficulties of prediction in maintaining the value of brands in a period of time, for example, well known brand like Ferrari, Marlboro and Coca Cola mostly have a stable value if compare with forgotten brand that may have less v alue (Seetharaman et al, 2001, p.247). In the most case, it has been debated that the value of brand asset could be measured  appropriately because in order to evaluate brand value, the company will use relief from royalty. However, Royalty rate is not always available and often the rate used is based on the company’s decision rather than reliable source in that particular company. If the royalty rate is too high, it could be destroy the company’s profit that could earn (Sinclair & Keller, 2007, accessed 16/05/10). Risk in financial statement. Intangible asset that takes a place in financial statement would create significant risk in relation with company’s performance. This is because the values of intangible assets have not exhibited in the financial report due to lack of measurement on intangible asset such as trademark, knowledge of employees and development of technology. An example of the risk that is reflecting the difficulties of measuring intangible asset value is from Nokia Corporation. According to the data from Yardimcioglu (2008, p.91), financial position that stated on financial statement in 1999 was US$11 billion of total asset, liabilities were US$5.3 billion and residual cost US$5.7. In 2000, Nokia’s market value was US$190 billion and made US$183 billion differences between book value and market value, and this differences arise because intangible asset that Nokia possessed. This difference should be stated in the financial statement, but after one year Nokia’s market value has decrea sed to US$97 billion and if the difference of market and book value was stated in the financial position, Nokia would lose profit by US$86 billion. Another example of the risk of intangible asset in financial statement is Rolls Royce Company; this company has suffered a loss in 1960’s that lead to serious financial issues because of transference of more sources to R&D process (Yardimcioglu, 2008, p.91). Based on these two examples, measuring intangible asset is quite difficult because â€Å",,, it is impossible to supply the deficiency between book value and market value in consequence of taking the intangible assets into financial statements (Yardimcioglu, 2008, p.91). In conclusion, there are some issues that arise from valuing of intangible asset in a corporation. This issue is including uncertainty of research and development cost that still cannot be ascertained to make future economic benefits, brand valuation because inadequate measurement for this intangible assets and the risk of putting intangible asset in financial report. Companies should do some actions to  solve this problem that might be useful for company’s management or even for investors who are willing to invest their money to the company. First, maximise the use of intellectual property by expanding only small proportion of patents. Second, introduce a new product to the market that will possibly generate an innovation and third, technologies involvement (Hand & Lev, 2003, pp. 511-512). References Canibano, L, Garcia-Ayuso & Sanchez, P 2000, â€Å"Accounting for Intangible: A Literature Review, Journal of Accounting Literature, vol.19, pp.102-130. Hand, J, R, M & Lev, B 2003, Intangible assets: values, measures, and risks, Oxford University Press, London, accessed 14/05/2010, http://books.google.com.au/books?id=RmFLUk7NydQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intangible+assets&source=bl&ots=1QtSgbhUPK&sig=Nsy8mguyyw6tV8-FUAqpWi6pzVw&hl=en&ei=jNfsS96tM47U7APH_tiMBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false Picker, R, Leo, K, Alfredson, K, Pacter, P & Wise, V 2006, Australian Accounting Standards, John Wiley & Sons, Queensland, Austalia, Seetharaman, A, Azlan Bin Mohd Nadzir, Z & Gunalan, S 2001, â€Å"A Conceptual Study on Brand Valuation†, Journal of Product & Brand Management, vol.10, no.4, pp.243-256. Sigma Pharmaceuticals Limited 2009, Annual Report 2008-2009, accessed 14/05/2010, http://sigma.ice4.interactiveinvestor.com.au/Sigma0901/Annual%20Re port/EN/body.aspx?z=1&p=-1&v=2&uid= Sinclair, R & Keller, K, L 2007, â€Å"Determination of Fair Value of Intangible Assets for IFRS Reporting Purposes†, International Valuation Standards Committee (IVSC), pp.1-6, accessed 14/05/2010, http://www.ivsc.org/pubs/comment/intangibleassets/06_keller.pdf Tollington, T 1998, â€Å"Brands: the asset definition and recognition test, Journal of Product & Brand Management, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 180-192. Wikipedia 2010, Intangible Asset, accessed 14/05/2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_asset Wrigley, J 2008, â€Å"Discussion of ‘What financial and non-financial information on intangibles is value-relevant? A review of the evidence†, Accounting and Business Research, vol.38, no.3, pp.257-260. Yardimcioglu, M 2008, â€Å"The Risk of Intangible

Falsifiabiliyt Paper

Falsifiabiliyt Paper FALSIFIABILITY PAPER PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1Falsifiability PaperSociological researchers take the data that is accumulated during testing to analyze it in order to study their hypothesis. There are four common techniques used during sociological testing such as the observational study, the case study, the survey, and the experiment. One scientific method, also known as an experiment, is used to compare the facts, data, and information provided after testing, by using either dependent variables in an opened atmosphere or independent variables in a closed atmosphere.The two different styles of experimenting are known as field experimenting and laboratory experimenting. Field experimentation is conducted in an atmosphere that has natural surroundings, while laboratory experimenting is conducted in just that, a laboratory. Experimenting is supported by the people of positivism due to the many advantages it provides. The supporters of positivism support the use of experiment due to its man y advantages.English: aOne supporter of positivism was Karl Popper, Popper understood the method of experimenting to be beneficial because it permitted the type of accuracy in creating and recurring testing of prediction that he supports. Because of its accuracy in creating scientific results, examiners can be more secure because their theories are now able to be scientifically tested.The independent variables, during laboratory experimenting, can be controlled and manipulated however they wish. In research, variables can be added or taken away, this helps to determine how effective the dependent variable is during that study. This permits one to make a guess and create correspondence, fundamental associations and hypothetical laws linking the variables. For example, if researchers are looking for a cure for cancer, he or she may detach the dependent variables and insert outside elements to examine what effect if any, would take place even if in the end the cancer...

Biography of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice

Biography of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo was known for funding, organizing, and leading the forces of the Fourth Crusade, who never reached the Holy Land but instead captured Constantinople. He is also famous for taking the title of Doge at a very advanced age. Occupations DogeMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence Venice, ItalyByzantium (Eastern Roman Empire) Important Dates Born: c. 1107Elected Doge: June 1, 1192Died: 1205 About Enrico Dandolo The Dandolo family was wealthy and powerful, and Enricos father, Vitale, had held several high administrative positions in Venice. Because he was a member of this influential clan, Enrico was able to secure a position in the government himself with little difficulty, and eventually, he was entrusted with many important missions for Venice. This included a trip to Constantinople in 1171 with the doge at that time, Vitale II Michiel, and another a year later with the Byzantine ambassador. On the latter expedition, so diligently did Enrico protect the interests of the Venetians that it was rumored the Byzantine emperor, Manuel I Comnenus, had him blinded. However, although Enrico suffered from poor vision, the chronicler Geoffroi de Villehardouin, who knew Dandolo personally, attributes this condition to a blow to the head. Enrico Dandolo also served as Venices ambassador to the King of Sicily in 1174 and to Ferrara in 1191. With such prestigious accomplishments in his career, Dandolo was considered an excellent candidate as the next doge even though he was quite elderly. When Orio Mastropiero stepped down in order to retire to a monastery, Enrico Dandolo was elected Doge of Venice on June 1, 1192. He was believed to be at least 84 years of age at the time. Enrico Dandolo Rules Venice As doge, Dandolo worked tirelessly to increase the prestige and influence of Venice. He negotiated treaties with Verona, Treviso, the Byzantine Empire, the Patriarch of Aquileia, the King of Armenia and the Holy Roman Emperor, Philip of Swabia. He fought a war against the Pisans and won. He also reorganized Venices currency, issuing a new, large silver coin known as the grosso or matapan that bore his own image. His changes to the monetary system were the beginning of an extensive economic policy designed to increase trade, most especially with lands to the east. Dandolo also took a keen interest in the Venetian legal system. In one of his earliest official acts as ruler of Venice, he swore the â€Å"ducal promise,† an oath that specifically laid out all of the duties of the doge, as well as his rights. The grosso coin depicts him holding this promise. Dandolo also published Venices first collection of civil statutes and revised the penal code. These achievements alone would have earned Enrico Dandolo an honorable place in the history of Venice, but he would earn fame or infamy from one of the strangest episodes in Venetian history. Enrico Dandolo and the Fourth Crusade The idea of sending troops to the Eastern Roman Empire instead of to the Holy Land did not originate in Venice, but it is fair to say that the Fourth Crusade would not have turned out as it did were it not for the efforts of Enrico Dandolo. The organization of transportation for the French troops, the funding of the expedition in exchange for their help in taking Zara, and the persuading of the crusaders in helping the Venetians take Constantinople all of this was Dandolos work. He was also physically in the forefront of events, standing armed and armored in the bow of his galley, encouraging the attackers as they made their landing at Constantinople. He was well past 90 years old. After Dandolo and his forces succeeded in capturing Constantinople, he took the title lord of the fourth part and a half of the whole empire of Romania for himself and for all the doges of Venice thereafter. The title corresponded to how the spoils of the Eastern Roman Empire (Romania) were then divided as a consequence of the conquest. The doge remained in the capital city of the empire to oversee the new Latin government and to look out for Venetian interests. In 1205, Enrico Dandolo died in Constantinople at the age of 98. He was entombed in the Hagia Sophia. Resources and Further Reading Madden, Thomas F.  Enrico Dandolo the Rise of Venice. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2011.Brà ©hier, Louis.  Enrico Dandolo.  The Catholic Encyclopedia.  Vol. 4.  New York: Robert Appleton Company,  1908.

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Basic Concepts and Techniques of Human Resources - Term Paper Example KFC restaurants provide several fried and non-fried chicken foods such as sandwiches, chicken strips and several other delicious products. Besides, it also offers variety of additional items which are best fitted in terms of local food preferences of customers (Yum! Brands, 2011). In the year 1997, PepsiCo acquired KFC along with other two brands namely Taco Bell and Pizza Hut renaming the acquired group as Tricon Global Restaurants. In the year 2002, the Tricon Global Restaurants was again renamed as Yum Brands, Inc collectively (KFC, 2011). Purpose of the Paper This paper provides a brief description of the job role of a restaurant manager in KFC. The objective of the paper is to develop a training program for the recruiting the most suitable restaurant manager in KFC. In this regards, it undertakes the aspects such as major tasks, major specifications and job standards of the restaurant manager in KFC. Furthermore, each step of the training program has been described in the paper along with the requisite activities that needs to be performed. Strengths and Weaknesses of KFC The major strength of KFC is its brand identity. KFC is known all over the world and enjoy a strong brand reputation of fast food restaurant services. KFC’s other strength in the international market is its attractive menu offerings which acts as its competitive advantage. However, the major disadvantage of KFC can be identified in terms of the frequent conflicts in work culture with its parent company PepsiCo. It is in this context that the conflicting cultures of both brands tend to have a substantial impact on the performance of the employees. The cultural conflict is also considered as a hindrance while entering into other foreign markets. Besides, the company has been identified to have a record of weak performance with respect to franchisee business (Scribd Inc., 2012). Scope and Size of KFC The scope of KFC as a restaurant business is quite high as the products of the compan y are increasingly desired by numerous people globally. Data collected during the year 2006 suggests that above one billion units of ‘finger lickin’ chickens were served by KFC per annum in almost 80 nations (Yum! Brands, 2011). In the year 2010, the number of employees in KFC was almost 455,000 internationally (Yum! Brands, 2011). Furthermore, KFC has been identified to have made a tremendous progress in the developing nations including China and India. KFC is also leveraging its assets for developing additions to its menus. The sales growth figure in countries where KFC operates is also impressive indicating a significant scope of success. In the year 2010, KFC had generated almost US$ 14.7 billion excluding the United States market. With more number of outlets internationally, the sales figure of KFC is expected to increase considerably in the future (Chancey, 2012). Section 2 Job Analysis Job analysis is a vital process for determining the sole functions of a partic ular job. Job analysis is supposed to be the fundamental aspect for human resource management activities where development of training program necessitates a complete investigation of the job. It is in this context that KFC has engaged numerous managers for several tasks which can range from area managers and assistant managers to trainee managers and restaurant managers. The restaurant manager is liable for the overall operation of the allocated restaurant. The major

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Create a Title - Essay Example ive of business the commercialization of education as entertainment might seem a step towards improvement, the same picture might not be so beautiful while considering the total benefit from the human point of view. Neil Postman in his essay, Learning in the Age of Television, speaks about how the toddlers are targeted and how from the tender age they are made to understand and feel the importance of entertainment. He stresses on the steps that the television serials takes to capture the attention of the children and teaches them to abhor the regular classroom learning. From the very beginning, the television instills in the child’s mind the colorful world of entertainment and commercializes education. Edmundson in his essay On the Uses of a Liberal Education too continues this same fact. While Postman concentrates on the childhood potion of this generation, Edmundson concentrates on the teenage and pre adulthood portion or segments, which includes his observations of his own students. Neil Postman and Edmundson both stresses on the use of guilt that is stressed by the television and how it inculcates the need for entertainment into the minds of the children of this generation from their very birth. Postman argues that the shows like Sesame Street offers the parents guilt free pass this is because in most cases both the parents who are busy in their career cannot give time to their children. This is the reason that their children spend long hours watching TV (Postman). By allowing, their children to watch Sesame Street the parent feel that their children are learning something. This reduces their guilt considerably. Further, it also allows them time away from their children. It helps them to keep their children busy while they work. What they do not understand is the effect that TV has on their children in the later age. Edmundson traces the effect of this childhood TV watching and need for entertainment in his own classroom when he would

Jesus's Self Understanding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Building an Ethical Organization Essay Example for Free

Building an Ethical Organization Essay The human service organization that I have become a director for is an addiction clinic. The clinic will be providing treatment for people within the community that have addiction problems. There will be programs available for people to receive treatment to meet each individuals needs. The goal will be for the patients to receive the best care available to be able to beat addiction. This clinic’s goal will be provide resources to better the community in which it serves. Each employee will be held to high standard and will have the appropriate training needed to each client to the best of their ability. The clinic wants to help the community by serving the people who suffer from addiction and providing them with the best care possible. Treatment for drug, alcohol, gambling, smoking, and other addictions are all services provided from this clinic. There will be different programs available to meet each person’s different needs. There are several different types of addiction. Every person who has a problem with addiction is different so the clinic will meet all the needs for each. Each program will have different steps for each client to help beat their addiction. The clientele for this clinic will be people who suffer problems with addiction and children whose parents have suffered addiction problems. The clinic will have counseling for families with children so the children can understand what is going on with their parents. The counseling will help the children know how to help their parents and to also make sure that the child is not in a hostile environment. The clinic wants to help families who have suffered addiction to be able to work through their situations and work on their family. Children have suffered because of the addiction problem their parents have. The clinic wants to help counsel the children to help them understand and move forward in a positive direction. Any person who suffers from addiction will be able to come to the clinic to receive the help they need. This clinic is a non-profit clinic. Donations are accepted to help fund each program that is offered. The clinic has fundraisers to help raise money to help keep the clinic open. All the money that is raised goes toward  the programs, staff salaries, building expenses, and all other expenses that help keep the clinic running to the highest standards. Any donation is recognized through the clinic. We take pride in our excellence and want to recognize anyone that helps us in funding the clinic so we can keep achieving our goals. The community is encouraged to be a part of making the clinic better. The clinic wants feedback from the community so we can better serve our clients. The mission statement for the addiction clinic is, to improve a person’s life by providing diverse care for patients who have different addiction problems within the community. The mission statement will support the ethical system because it states that the clinic wants to provide diverse care for patients with different addiction problems. The goal for the clinic is to provide care for the patients that meet their different needs. Every person that comes to the clinic will be different and so there has to be programs available to meet those needs. The mission statement’s sends a positive message to the community because it tells them that the clinic is there to help with addiction problems within the community. Addiction is a problem in every community so the statement tells the community members that there is help available for this problem. The addiction clinic’s value statements are, for all patients to receive quality prevention, treatment, recovery, and support services so they can reach the goal of staying clean from illegal drugs and alcohol abuse. The value statement for this clinic inspires action because it tells people with addiction in the community that there is support for them to reach the goal of staying clean from illegal drugs and alcohol abuse. This value relates to the clinic’s mission statement because they both are stating that they want to help people with addiction. They both state that the clinic want to provide care for the different types of addiction and that they want the best for the patients who received treatment from the clinic. The ethical principles that guide our work are the product of broad-based consultation, are drafted by representatives of professional bodies and organizations, and exist in the form of guidelines and proposed codes of conduct (Gruskin Dickens, 2006). The codes of ethics for this clinic are the following: 1. Work in a manner that supports the clinics mission, goals, and value statement. 2. Uphold the code of ethics to human service professionals. 3. Protect the confidentiality of clients according to the rules and  regulations of HIPPA. 4. Staff must take appropriate steps to unethical behavior of colleagues. 5. Unethical behavior of staff is not acceptable. 6. Staff must follow commitment to the clinic. 7. Staff must be aware of issues that affect clients from diverse backgrounds. 8. Staff must respect the integrity and welfare of each client. 9. Staff must treat clients with acceptance and respect. 10. Sexual relations with clients and or staff members are prohibited. 11. If suspicion of danger or harm may occur, staff must protect the safety of the client, clinic, and employees by following appropriate steps. 12. Staff must stay up on training and classes offered to improve the care given to clients. 13. Discrimination toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. 14. Sexual misconduct toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. 15. Sexual harassment toward clients, staff, and community is not accepted. The code of ethics listed above gives employees a list of appropriate behavior while employed with the clinic. Each employee must follow every ethic that is listed to ensure that the employees of the clinic are giving the best care to the clients that is expected. The code of ethics is related to the mission and values of the clinic because it helps the staff give the best care available to the clients in the community with helping with the problem of addiction. According to the Healthcare Leadership Alliance (HLA), the professionalism competency is the ability to align personal and organizational conduct with ethical and professional standards that include a responsibility to the patient and community, a service orientation, and a commitment to lifelong learning and improvement (Garman, Evans, Drouse, Anfossi, 2006). The values of the clinic are very important. Each employee should be aware and know them by memory. This way each employee knows what is expected out of them from the clinic. Each employee is held to a high standard and should be aware of the values and ethics of the clinic. The clinic uses tangible cultural forms. I want to promote ethics and values in the everyday work  environment. This form allows the staff to hear and use the ethics and values everyday so they stay fresh in their minds and they stay cautious of their actions. If the employees are reminded everyday of the ethics and values of the clinic then they will be no reason for the employees to not follow them. Shared values are hung throughout the clinic that shows the clinic’s values. This keeps the staff aware of the values by reminding them as they walk through the hallways of the clinic. Meetings are held each month that allows the staff and the directors meet and go over feedback from the community. During these meeting the values and ethics are discussed with the staff so they are reminded of what is expected. This allows the staff to give feedback on the values and ethics. As a leader in this type of clinic there are several moral responsibilities that I have. I not only have moral responsibilities toward the clients that the clinic serves but also to the employees. I have moral responsibility for each client because they reaching out for help. I want to offer them every possible resource so they can get out of their situation. If the shelter fails on doing so then the clients could return to their addiction and possibly end up in a worse situation. I am morally responsible for the employees because they have to know how to handle these types of situations. As leaders, it is our responsibility to be catalysts and role models for our professional colleagues by both retaining and communicating a profound sense of optimism regarding the future of the law, health care, and our respective organizations (Gragnolati Stupak, 2002). I want the employees of the clinic to lead by example. I hold myself with high standards and follow each rule. I go to training when they are offered to ensure that I stay educated on any issues so I can better serve the clinic, staff, and clients. My goal as the leader is to have a staff that holds themselves to the same standards as I use. This way each employee keeps the same goals and wants the same for the clinic and the clients. For this clinic I use transformation leadership. I want my employees to trust me as their leader. I think that with this type of leader, the employees are comforted because they know that the leader is just as much invested to fixing any problem that arises. The employees have to have the proper training so they know how to counsel the clients and know what resources to offer them. If the employees fail in doing so then as a leader I also fail. Each staff member must go through training to ensure  that they give the best care to each client. They must keep up on certifications if needed. Each staff member has an evaluation done every 3 months to ensure that they are giving the best care to the clients and to make sure that the employee is following the code of ethics, mission, and values. Appropriate steps are taken if the employee fails to follow the rules and termination may occur if needed. The clinic does not tolerate employees who are not loyal to the clinic, clients, and the staff. The clinic wants employees who are there that can follow the rules and ethics of the clinic. Each client takes a feedback survey so the clinic can evaluate the programs and employees. We want each program offered to be the best it can to help serve the clients. Feedback from the clients helps the clinic know what areas of each program are working and which ones are not. This way the programs can be fixed to help meet the needs of the clie nts. This clinic will provide different care for patients battling addiction. Each patient will be in programs that best fits their needs. The clinic will have qualified workers to help meet the needs of each patient. The mission and value statement both send positive messages to the community because it tells them that the clinic is there to help with the problems of addiction within the community. These statements also state that the clinic wants the patients to receive the best treatment to help with the addiction problem. There are fifteen codes of ethics that each employee of the clinic must know and follow. The ethics makes the employee aware of what is expected of them as an employee of the clinic. Each employee should be aware of all twelve codes of ethics and should follow them accordingly. Tangible cultural forms are used in the clinic. This allows the clinic to promote the values and ethics through the work environment. The clinic holds high standards for the employee. Each employee has evaluations done to make sure the employees are giving the best care for each client. This keeps employees aware of issues that they need to work on so they can become better with the care that they give. The clinic strives to help each client meet the goal in recovery. With all the steps the clinic makes to achieve this goal, an ethical organization has been built. References Garman, A. N., Evans, R., Drouse, M. K., Anfossi, J. (2006, July / Aug). Professionalism. Journal of Healthcare Management, 51(), 219. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=62did=1092901951SrchMode=1sid=9Fmt=4VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289765094clientId=13118 Gragnolati, B. A., Stupak, R. J. (2002, Summer). Life and Liberty: The power of positive purpose. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 25(), 75. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=3did=677546611SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289762787clientId=13118 Gruskin, S., Dickens, B. (2006, November). Human rights and ethics in public health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(11), 1903. http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/pqdweb?index=35did=1159402191SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1289763672clientId=13118